While a huge focus on proper medical waste disposal processes emphasizes environmental protection, it’s vital to remember that it also enhances safety for healthcare providers and the public. So, what are some common mistakes that are made, and how can they be avoided?
1. Mistakes Happen
The scenarios for mistakes are endless. A busy nurse allows a sharps container to get past the fill line. A housekeeper gathers the soiled bedding of an infectious patient in her arms without using gloves or a mask. A doctor overwhelmed with a steady stream of patients tosses a syringe of dispensed vaccine into a trashcan because the sharps container is full. The janitor tosses a single red biohazard bag into the “regular” trash bin and it soon disappears under other trash bags.
What can go wrong? One syringe in the trashcan won’t matter, will it? One small yellow & red biohazard bag in a huge waste bin of non-hazardous waste isn’t that big of a deal, is it?
Mistakes people make with medical waste, whether in a hospital, a physician’s office, a veterinary examination room, or a cancer treatment center can lead to dire consequences. Careless medical waste disposal of any kind incurs an increased risk of injury, contamination, or exposure to harmful components, toxins, and drugs.
2. Common mistake: Improper sharps disposal
What can go wrong with improper sharps disposal? According to the Dubai Municipality, a needlestick injury can lead to very serious infections caused by bloodborne pathogens like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that approximately 50% of sharp object or needlestick injuries occur during their use, while just over 10% occur after use but prior to disposal. Leaving sharps on a patient’s bedside table, or bed, or dropped on the floor – even for a moment – is an accident waiting to happen.
DHA stipulates how sharps containers are to be positioned in patient rooms or care facilities to prevent spillage. Sharps containers should always be placed where they are out of reach of children and must be compliant with DHA. What does that mean? Sharps containers are to be leak-proof, puncture resistant, sealable, and either color-coded or labeled appropriately for disposal.
3. Common mistake: Mixing medical waste streams.
DHA guidelines define the differences between medical waste streams in healthcare scenarios, and it’s important to understand the specific regulations relevant to your facility. One example: you should not mix any hazardous waste with non-hazardous waste. Not only does that make all that waste hazardous due to contamination, but it also increases treatment and disposal costs. Every waste stream must be treated and handled separately. The same applies to disposal methods for different types of waste. Standards for such systems are clear in both federal and state guidelines.
Additionally, the DHA mandates that containers be properly labeled for easier and safer identification of their components and applicable treatment and disposal methods.
Inadequate labeling or signage can prove dangerous. Failure to post signage in restricted areas that store hazardous waste containers, for example, can put not only healthcare staff at an increased and serious risk but can lead to accidents with disastrous results.
4. Common mistake: Safety issues with pharmaceuticals disposal
Healthcare workers handle hazardous pharmaceuticals regularly. Some pharmaceuticals, such as those used to treat cancer (antineoplastic drugs) are extremely toxic. Some can increase the risk of ignitability (a fire hazard), while others are corrosive in nature. Radioactive compounds, which can be found in some chemotherapy drugs, are also dangerous if not handled properly.
Improper disposal of hazardous pharmaceuticals can contribute to environmental damage. Further, unprotected contact with its components by a patient, housekeeper, janitor, or waste transport service worker can be dangerous. Some pharmaceuticals are not only hazardous but toxic in nature.
Improper identification of pharmaceuticals is not just a safety hazard. There are potential legal issues at play when dealing with any controlled substances that are regulated by the MOHP.
5. Common mistake: Open biohazard containers within a patient environment
In some cases, in hospitals and private practice physicians’ offices, the collection of biohazardous waste and its disposal is not always up to par. Neglecting to obtain an adequate number of red biohazard containers for each examination room can promote improper waste disposal as well as exposure to blood and blood pathogens that endanger healthcare providers and their patients.
The use of containers to store biohazard materials that are not red or not clearly marked with the universal biohazard symbol can also harm waste management pickup and shipment services, especially when they don’t comply with DOT hazardous materials regulations for ground transport.
6. Common mistake: Poor training standards
Inadequate training standards for all personnel in a healthcare environment can contribute to accidents or injury from medical waste. It is essential that all personnel in medical environments be trained in the identification and determination of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and how each is to be handled to promote safety.
State and federal guidelines are to be followed to maintain compliance, so it’s important to stay up to date with changing regulations about collection, storage, packaging, labeling, and disposal. Failure to maintain compliance when it comes to medical waste containers is not only a health issue for the community but also an environmental issue.
7. Consequences of common mistakes
Beyond the obvious issues of safety, local, state, and federal fines and penalties rendered due to improper medical waste disposal of any kind can cost up to tens of thousands of dollars a day. Compliance is key. Avoiding medical waste violations is essential to avoid fines as well as to safeguard reputation.